Major Historical Background Information

Date Event Details
1602 "Mappa Mundi (World Atlas)" by Matteo Ricci The oldest existing atlas in which the name "Japan Sea" appears.
1639 Japan's national isolation policy* starts  
Late 18th Century-Early 19th Century "Japan Sea" is established as a sole appellation in Europe  
1854 Japan's national isolation policy ends  
1910 Japan's annexation of the Korean Peninsula  
1921 International Hydrographic Bureau is established; Japan joins IHB International Hydrographic Bureau is a predecessor of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).
1928 Publication of the first edition of the Guideline (S-23) IHB publishes the first edition of the guideline, "Limits of Oceans and Seas" (S-23). "Japan Sea" appears as a sole appellation here.
1937 Publication of the second edition of the guideline "Japan Sea" appears as a sole appellation here as well.
1948 Foundation of the Republic of Korea  
1952 South Korea starts publishing its own nautical charts  
1953 Publication of the third edition of the guideline "Japan Sea" appears as a sole appellation here as well.
1957 South Korea joins the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)  
1977 The Eleventh International Hydrographic Conference at IHO Resolution on the revision of the Guideline (S-23) is adopted.
1986 Draft for the fourth edition of the guideline is completed "Japan Sea" appears as a sole appellation. However, the publication did not come out due to difficulty in reaching a consensus among the member states for other areas. South Korea did not raise an objection against the name "Japan Sea."
1991 South Korea joins United Nations  
1992 The Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names South Korea first claims that "Japan Sea" should be renamed to "East Sea."
1993 South Korea publishes Nautical Chart No. 102A Both names such as "Tong Hae" (meaning "East Sea" in Korean) and "Japan Sea" are used in the nautical chart ("East Sea" is not used).
1995 South Korea publishes Nautical Chart No. 101 South Korea uses the name "East Sea" for the first time in its nautical chart. The name "Japan Sea" disappears from the Korean nautical charts.
1997 The Fifteenth International Hydrographic Conference at IHO South Korea makes claim to inscribe both names, "Japan Sea" and "East Sea," to IHO for the first time. The chairman takes no notice on this.
1998 The notice on resuming the revision of the fourth edition The Directing Committee(DC) of IHO makes notice on resuming the revision of the fourth edition.
2002
April
17
The Sixteenth International Hydrographic Conference South Korea develops argument on using both names, and Japan opposes.
2002
August
9
Circular Letter from DC is sent to all member states The Final Draft of the Fourth Edition of the Guideline, which leaves the pages related to the Japan Sea blank, was sent from DC to all member states without any previous notices. DC puts this Final Draft to the vote.
2002
August
23
Japan send a letter to DC Japan protests against the transmission of the Final Draft of the Fourth Edition of the Guideline which leaves the name of the "Japan Sea" blank from IHB to all member states.
2002
August
23
Japan requests IHO member states against the final draft Japan requests the IHO member states (69 countries) to either vote "against" or to "disclaim" in the vote of approval for the Final Draft of the Fourth Edition.
2002
Septembar
19
Circular Letter from DC is sent to all member states The Final Draft which leaves the name of "Japan Sea" blank is withdrawn.
2002
Decembar
13
The 14th Japan-Korea Hydrographic Technical Meeting is postponed The 14th Japan-Korea Hydrographic Technical Meeting scheduled on 16 and 17 December was postponed, because South Korea suddenly raised an objection against the inclusion of the issue of the name "Japan Sea" in the agenda.
2003
Septembar
5
The opinion exchange between the Japan-South Korea diplomatic Authorities The Ministry of Foreign Affairs held the meeting for the opinion exchange between the Japan-South Korea diplomatic authorities about the Issue of the Name "Japan Sea", and the Japan Coast Guard also attended the meeting.
2004
January
15,16
The 14th Japan-Korea Hydrographic Technical Meeting was held (in Tokyo) Both Japan and South Korea asserted their basic stances regarding this matter and exchanged opinions in the meeting.
2005
February
25,26
The 15th Japan-Korea Hydrographic Technical Meeting was held (in South Korea) Both Japan and South Korea asserted their basic stances regarding this matter and exchanged opinions in the meeting.
2006
March
23,24
The 16th Japan-Korea Hydrographic Technical Meeting was held (in South Korea) Both Japan and South Korea asserted their basic stances regarding this matter and exchanged opinions in the meeting.
2007
February
26,27
The 17th Japan-Korea Hydrographic Technical Meeting was held (in South Korea) Both Japan and South Korea asserted their basic stances regarding this matter and exchanged opinions in the meeting.
2007
March
7,11
The 17th International Hydrographic Conference was held in Monaco At the 17th International Hydrographic Conference held in May 2007, the chair of the Conference made a suggestion to divide the revised edition of the "Limits of Oceans and Seas" into two volumes and to publish the first volume in a form that does not include those areas where the concerned states are not in agreement and then to publish the second volume after the concerned states have come to an agreement.
2007
August
Submission of Japanfs Counterproposals against the suggestion of the Chair The Japan submitted Counterproposal against the chair as:
  • 3rd Edition of S-23 would be updated and revised comprehensively and without any exception as the 4th Edition
  • In the revised 4th Edition of the "Limits of Oceans and Seas", each geographical name of sea area with no agreement among member states concerned will be unchanged from the current 3rd Edition.
  • 2007
    September
    IHO issued the Circular letter of Japanfs Counterproposal IHO issued the Circular letter concerning the Japan's Counterproposal with Republic of Korean's and Democratic Peoplefs republic of Koreafs for all the member states and invited comments.
    * National isolation policy: A policy which bans any transfer of people and goods between Japan and foreign countries, as well as contact with foreign people/goods, regardless of governmental or private.

    update 29/Jan./2009
    Japan Coast Guard